Structured Data

Structured data tools are software for creating, storing, querying and validating data in a fixed schema. Perplexity, Gemini, ChatGPT and Copilot cover databases and spreadsheets (MySQL, PostgreSQL, Excel). Perplexity, Gemini, Google AI Mode and ChatGPT also cover SEO markup tools such as Schema Markup Validator and Rich Results Test.

A structured data testing tool checks whether schema markup (JSON-LD, Microdata, RDFa) on a page is valid and readable by search engines. All five engines name Google's Rich Results Test; Gemini, Copilot, ChatGPT and Google AI Mode also name the Schema Markup Validator.

The apparent disagreement is mainly about context. A JSON structure and a learned expectation are different uses of the word schema. Specify computing, psychology or website structured data before comparing the examples directly.

All four engines, ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini and Google AI Mode, treat the question as psychology and describe schemas as mental frameworks. Gemini adds that different models split them slightly differently.